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The old Snake River fossil on record expression almost like a modern snake , except for one glaring difference : It has four understructure , each with five digits , a new study discover .
The roughly 120 - million - year - oldsnake , dubbedTetrapodophis amplectus(literally , four - legged ophidian ) , belike did n’t use its invertebrate foot for walking . Instead , the appendages may have helpedTetrapodophishold onto a partner while coupling , or even transfix unruly prey , say field of study co - research worker David Martill , a prof of paleobiology at the University of Portsmouth in the United Kingdom .
The, entire skeleton ofTetrapodophiswith its head ending in a curly-q on the left.
old enquiry has detailedtwo - legged snake fossils , but this is the first know serpent ancestor to gambol four legs , he say . It in all probability acquire from terrene - burrowing creatures , and was a transitional animal that lived during the shift from ancient lizard to mod - Clarence Day snakes , he added . [ See Photos of the Four - Legged Snake Fossil ]
" We ’ve launch the ascendant of all snakes , " Martill secernate Live Science . " We have find the missing link between four - legged lizards and snakes . "
' Jaw - dropping ' discovery
An artist’s interpretation of the four-legged snake, dubbedTetrapodophis amplectus, just after it caught a small mammal for its next meal.
Martill happened upon the fogy during a theatre trip with his scholar to the Solnhofen Museum ( formerly make out as the Bürgermeister - Müller - Museum ) in Germany . As they were looking at an display of fogy from the Crato Formation , in northeastern Brazil , Martill comment the 7.8 - inch - tenacious ( 20 centimeters ) ophidian . It had a plaque that said " Unknown fossil . "
" My jaw just dropped , " he said . " I thought , ' Bloody hell , that ’s a fossil snake . ' "
The Crato Formation happens to be one of Martill ’s select subjects . He is the author of " The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil : Window into an Ancient World " ( Cambridge University Press , 2008 ) , so he knew that a snake from theCrato Formationwould be " about 20 million years older than any other fogey snake , " he say .
This close-up photo showsTetrapodophis’rear feet.
fascinate , he run in closer to the presentation to get a good look .
" I thought , ' Bloody hell , it ’s got back legs ! ' " Martill articulate . " It had front legs . Nobody had ever seen a snake before with four leg , and yet evolutionary theory prefigure that there should be an fauna that is transitional between four - legged lizard and snakes , and here it was . "
Martill involve the museum if he could study the fossil , and enter Helmut Tischlinger , a German paleontologist , and Nicholas Longrich , a senior reader in evolutionary biology at the University of Bath , to facilitate him decipher the fossil .
Snake scrutiny
The investigator find several indication that the fogey is , in fact , atransitional snake . Unlike lizards and crocodiles , Tetrapodophishas light-headed impressions of a single row of belly scales , a signature still find out on snakes today .
When the researcher used ultraviolet photography to examineTetrapodophis’gut , they incur partly digested bone fragments that the camera highlighted in different colors . These end suggest the snake ancestor rust vertebrate , just as modernistic carnivorous snakes do .
It ’s belike thatTetrapodophisused its long consistency toconstrict prey , such as lizard and frogs , Martill tot up .
Moreover , the fossil had other classic snake features , including a curt beak , long braincase , elongate body , fanged teeth and a flexible jaw that could live with large prey , the researchers sound out . It also has a similar vertebrae column that let the snake to be extremely pliant , they said .
However , Tetrapodophisdoesn’t have a long , laterally compressed tail that is usually check in marine creature , which suggests that it fall from burrowing terrestrial , and not marine , creatures , the research worker said.[Image Gallery : Snake of the public ]
Tetrapodophisand other ancient snakes hail from Gondwana , the ancient supercontinent that covered the Southern Hemisphere . ( A January study reportedsnake specimen that were from the Northern Hemisphere , but Martill says it ’s unclear whether these are Hydra or lizard . )
" serpent are all over the major planet now , and it would be nice to have sex where they really started , " Martill tell . " If you look at the distribution of dodo Snake , they ’re all Gondwanan . So it does look as though snake evolution began in the southerly continents . "
Allison Hsiang , a postdoctoral research worker of geology and geophysical science at Yale University who was not take in the study , call the new identified fossil " really coolheaded and authoritative . "
" It fills in the picture that we always kind of know was there , but here ’s the evidence of snakes evolve from lounge lizard with four legs , " she articulate .
The study was write online today ( July 23 ) in thejournal Science .
